The relationship between male hormones and aging: The effects of declining testosterone and countermeasures

Testosterone, the leading male hormone, is essential not only for muscle and sexual function, but also for maintaining physical and mental health. However, this hormone gradually declines with age, and is known to cause a variety of disorders. This article provides a detailed explanation of age-related changes in testosterone, its effects, lifestyle and medical countermeasures, and future prospects for regenerative medicine.

Research Overview (Relationship between Male Hormones and Aging)

Testosterone levels surge during adolescence, peak in adulthood, and then gradually decline from middle age onwards. The speed and onset of this decline vary greatly from person to person, with some people beginning to decline in their 40s and others maintaining high levels well into old age. Unlike female hormones, the decline in male hormones is never-ending, raising concerns about the long-term impact on health.

Treatment targets and methods (lifestyle improvement and medical intervention)

Lifestyle improvements

Obesity, smoking, excessive drinking, and stress are the main causes of low testosterone. Moderate exercise, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep are effective in maintaining secretion. It has also been reported that weight loss directly leads to improved testosterone levels.

Treatment at a medical institution

In mild cases, herbal medicines or symptom-specific medications (ED medications, antidepressants, etc.) are used. In severe cases, male hormone replacement therapy via intramuscular injections, which is covered by insurance, is the treatment of choice.

The potential of regenerative medicine

Research is underway to create Leydig cells that secrete testosterone from iPS cells and restore testicular function, which may potentially lead to long-term effects from a single treatment.

Main study results and significance (impact of low testosterone)

• Depression and cognitive decline
• decreased sexual function
• Diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome
• Osteoporosis
• Cardiovascular disease (arteriosclerosis, etc.)
• Sarcopenia (muscle loss)

High testosterone levels are associated with a longer healthy lifespan and are also important for maintaining quality of life (QOL).

Future challenges and prospects

Although the decline in testosterone levels with age is inevitable, it is possible to slow its progression through lifestyle changes and medical intervention. Future developments in regenerative medicine are expected to restore the body's ability to produce hormones. The next challenge is to individually evaluate each patient's hormone fluctuations and optimize treatment based on that evaluation.